DETERGENT

• detergent also cleaning agents
• they are generally refered as non soap cleaning chemicals

• chemically a detergent is a sodium salt of sulponic acid with stucture as shown below

a) sodium alkyl sulphate (anionic detergent)

b) sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate  (anionic detergent)

• the alkyl chain also has from 12 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule
• Exammple:

a) sodium 4-dodecylbenzene sulphonate

CH3(CH2)11 - C6H4 - SO3-Na+

b) sodium dodecyl sulphate

CH3(CH2)11OSO3-Na+    

Preparation of detergent

PREPARATION OF SODIUM ALKYL SULPHATE

Step 1: Sulphonation

Step 2: Neutralization

The alkyl sulphonic acid is neutralized by using sodium hydroxide

                                Alkyl sulphonic acid  + Sodium hydroxide

 PREPARATION OF SODIUM ALKYLBENZENE SULPHONATE

Step 1: Alkylation

                                 Long chain alkene

Step 2: Sulphonation

                           Alkene Benzene + H2SO4

Step 3: Neutralization

• occur between Alkyl Benzene sulphuric acid React with Sodium Hydroxide produce Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (detergent) and Water (H2O)

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